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Abstract: Factors of post-operative risk of infections complications can be related to the patient, the type of surgery, the hospital environment and the surgeon. The purpose of this study was to verify the index of infection inche Head and Neck Surgical Service of the Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro (HMCP), from Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, São Paulo - Brazil, comparing the risk factors found with those published in the literature and analysing their influence on the legth of hospitalization and the morbidity-mortality. We analysed retrospectively the surgical procedures of the Head and Neck Surgical Service froco January to December of 1995, to eollect personal, clinicai and surgical date. The clinical classification followed the UICC norms of 1992, the nutricional evaluation was performed by the Nutritional Service Of the HMCP, the patients were considered infected after evaluation from the Infections Disease Department of the hospital and the statistical method used was porcentual frequency. Twelve of the 111 procedures resulted in post-operative infection (10,8%). Of the twelve, all were men and smokers, ten (83,3%) were 50 years or older, eleven (91,7%) were alcoholics and seven (58,3%) were malnutritioned. Twelve (100%) of the surgeries had oropharyngeal exposure. Of the twelve, ten (83,3°/0) had a surgical duration of 5 or more hours. We concluded the index of infection in our patients can be considered acceptable, the risk factors described in literature were present in the analysed patients and the prognosis was worse for those who developed post-operative infection. Therefore, the role of the head and neck surgeon is the early detection of tumors and pre-operative evaluation of possible risk factors, improving the patient condition for surgery.
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